### Lesson Plan: Basic Science and Technology
**Grade:** Primary 4
**Topic:** Mixture, Physical Fitness, Viruses
**Duration:** 90 minutes
#### Learning Objectives:
1. Understand what a mixture is and be able to provide examples.
2. Identify different components of physical fitness and the importance of each.
3. Explain what a virus is and how it can affect the human body.
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### Lesson Outline
**1. Introduction: (10 minutes)**
- **Greeting and Roll Call:**
Welcome students and take attendance.
- **Overview of Lesson:**
Briefly introduce the topics to be covered: Mixtures, Physical Fitness, and Viruses.
- **Engage Students:**
Ask students if they can think of examples of mixtures they encounter in daily life, ways they keep fit, and if they have heard of any common viruses.
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### Segment 1: Mixtures (25 minutes)
1. **Definition of Mixtures: (5 minutes)**
- Explain what a mixture is: a combination of two or more substances where each substance retains its own properties.
- Provide examples: salt and water, sand and iron filings, fruit salad.
2. **Types of Mixtures: (5 minutes)**
- Homogeneous Mixtures: Uniform composition, like salt water.
- Heterogeneous Mixtures: Non-uniform composition, like a salad.
3. **Activity - Creating Mixtures: (10 minutes)**
- Materials: Sand, salt, water, oil, spoons, and cups.
- Students will create their own mixtures and try to separate them using tools provided.
4. **Discussion and Q&A: (5 minutes)**
- Discuss which mixtures were easy to separate and why. Ask students if they can come up with more examples.
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### Segment 2: Physical Fitness (25 minutes)
1. **Introduction to Physical Fitness: (5 minutes)**
- Explain that physical fitness is the ability of the body to perform daily activities with energy and without fatigue.
2. **Components of Physical Fitness: (7 minutes)**
- Cardiovascular Endurance: Running, swimming.
- Muscle Strength: Lifting weights, push-ups.
- Flexibility: Stretching, yoga.
- Body Composition: The ratio of fat to lean muscle.
3. **Group Exercise Activity: (10 minutes)**
- Warm-Up: Stretching exercises.
- Quick Fitness Circuit: Include jumping jacks, push-ups, and running in place.
4. **Cool Down and Discussion: (3 minutes)**
- Brief cool-down session.
- Discuss how students felt during the exercise and the importance of staying active.
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### Segment 3: Viruses (20 minutes)
1. **Introduction to Viruses: (5 minutes)**
- Explain what a virus is: A tiny organism that can infect living cells and cause illness.
2. **How Viruses Spread: (5 minutes)**
- Through the air (coughing, sneezing).
- Through contact (touching surfaces with the virus).
3. **Preventing Virus Infections: (5 minutes)**
- Hand washing.
- Vaccination.
- Proper hygiene.
4. **Quick Activity - Virus Simulation: (5 minutes)**
- Use colored stickers to simulate how quickly a 'virus' can spread through interaction.
- Discuss what practices can reduce the spread.
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### Conclusion: (10 minutes)
1. **Recap:**
- Quickly review what was learned about mixtures, physical fitness, and viruses.
2. **Interactive Q&A:**
- Open floor for questions and encourage students to share what they found most interesting.
3. **Homework Assignment:**
- Mixture: Find and list three examples of mixtures at home.
- Physical Fitness: Write down a simple exercise plan they can follow during the week.
- Virus: Draw and label how they keep germs away (handwashing, covering mouth when sneezing).
4. **Closing:**
- Offer praise for participation and remind students to stay curious and active.
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### Materials Needed:
- Sand, salt, water, oil
- Spoons, cups
- Stickers for simulation
- Mats for physical activities (optional)
### Assessment:
- Participation in activities
- Contributions to discussion
- Completed homework assignment
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This lesson plan integrates hands-on activities, physical exercise, and health education, making it engaging and informative for Primary 4 students.